7.8

1. The coastal dune management area is located in New South Wales at Stuart Point.
2. 1893- A large flood caused the Macleay River to break through the sand barrier at South West Rocks creating another entrance for the river.
1965 May- Soil Conservation Service provided native plant seedlings and planting advice which was the start of the re-vegetation program for the dunes.
1965 August- Cattle started to grazed and destroy the vegetation program.
1970- Soil Conservation Service of NSW was established

7.7

1. State governments

2. The Queensland government- Pays a 1/4 of the total of running and maintaining the sand bypassing system and carries out navigational dredging to keep open the river entrance.
The New South Wales government- Pays one half of the cost of running, is in charge of the sand bypassing system.
Gold Coast City Council- Pays a 1/4 of the total of running and maintaining the sand bypassing system, approval to carry out a certain amount of beach nourishment.

3. 2nd of June 1989- State ministers met to develop a cooperative approach to the issue of the Tweed River.
February 2000- Construction of the sand bypass scheme commenced.
March 2001- Scheme was completed and operational

4. The NSW government decided to halve the payments required while being given certain positions. The Queensland government and Gold City Council decided to half the other payment and each pay a quarter while receiving some duties. I believe this is fair because the NSW government decided to be apart of this scheme and should pay half.

5. The opportunities that the residents are given is to use the beaches and areas that are being managed by the scheme so that the governments and council can understand how the residents will use the area and what changes may need to happen.

7.4

1. Coastal management involves people creating solutions and strategies to minimise the environmental effects that humans put into the coastal region.

2. Sea Walls- Used to stop erosion of the coastline and protect property.
Breakwaters- Constructed at all the entrances to rivers, they extend into the ocean in order to stabilise river entrances.
Groynes- Constructed along beaches to catch sand and make beaches wider.
Fences- To ensure adequate access to the beach while protecting the vegetation that stabilises the sand-dunes.

3.

Brief Description of management strategy	Advantages	Disadvantages
Sea Walls- Used to stop erosion of the coastline and protect property.	Helps protect coastal property and land with vegetation.	Does not look very nice and a scenic thing to see around a beach.
Breakwaters- Constructed at all the entrances to rivers, they extend into the ocean in order to stabilise river entrances.	Helps stabilise river entrances. Safe access for boating. Keep river entrances clear of sand-build up.	Alter the patterns of erosion, transportation and deposition of sand along the coastline.
Beach nourishment-Involves the movement of sand by machines.	Helps to keep beaches even with the amount of sand that is deposited.	Can be very expensive and needs to be ongoing.
Coastal Dune preservation-Strategies are implemented to protect these dunes which play a vital role in the coastal environment.	Keep the dunes safe from environmental impacts by humans.

4. Because many management techniques work hand in hand with some management strategies which make them more effective and useful.

7.2 Questions

   7.2 Questions

   1)  Waves are formed in three stages by the action of the wind blowing across the ocean.    First the wind forms ripples, then these form wavelets and finally waves.

   2) The fetch is the distance the wind travels over the ocean to form a wave. It is an important factor in determining the size and speed of a wave as it is influenced by the strength of the wind and the length of the fetch.

   3) Waves in the open waves cause things to move in an up and down motion only and tend to be contained and have a longer wavelength. Waves closer to the shore interact with the sea floor causing the speed to decrease, the wavelength to decrease and the top of the wave to travel faster than the base, cracking the wave.

   4)    

5)       

                     

    6) Spilling Waves: These are fairly light waves which break far from the shore on beaches with gentle slopes.

Plunging Waves: Break on beaches where the slope is moderately steep. These are waves which create tubes for surfers to surf in.

Surging Waves: Occur on very steep beaches. The waves role up the steep face rather than breaking over it. They cause erosion.

   7)Wind Swell: Marked by a short wavelength and high frequency of waves hitting the coast.

Ground Swell: Has a longer wavelength and the waves hit the coast less frequently.

   

     9) 

 The three types of waves are:

Surging Waves – Don’t worry these are harmless and are found in very deep beach slopes with little waves.

Spilling Waves – These are slightly stronger than Surging Waves and are found in very shallow waters which break far from the coast.

Plunging Waves – These are very strong so be careful. These are found in moderately steep waters which cause tubes where surfers surf.

     10) Today was a mild day and sunny day. As the time passed by the temperature began to rise and the wind started to pick up. by late afternoon there were some Ground swells so i put some flags up to indicate areas to swim in. As everyone left at 4 o clock lightning began to strike and the wind picked up immensely and in the distance i could see that there were cyclones beggining to form. This made me decide to close the beach for the rest of the day.